Add stage 1: authentication REST API

Slim 4 + SQLite todo-list API providing email/password registration,
login, and an authenticated GET /me endpoint. Stateless HS256 JWTs,
bcrypt password hashing, uniform JSON error envelope, and a SQL
migration runner. Includes PHPUnit feature tests and stage-1 docs.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

public/index.php

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+require __DIR__ . '/../vendor/autoload.php';
+
+/** @var \Slim\App $app */
+$app = require __DIR__ . '/../src/bootstrap.php';
+
+$app->run();